Yasser Zare 3.1 Introduction

The total production of plastics is currently more than 230 million tonnes/year, which will increase to 400 million tonnes in 2020, based on a very conservative growth rate of about 5% per year [1, 2]. The increasing consumption of polymer products, in various fields, generates a large quantity of waste materials, which equates to more than 12% of the urban solid waste stream [3]. Therefore, the world is confronting a crisis, due to the generation of huge amounts of plastic waste by industries and householders; hence, an increasing attempt has been made to cope with waste polymers, due to environmental, economic and petroleum concerns.